BIREMES
Earliest ships Earliest Sailing Vessels Galleys Biremes Triremes Roman Galleys Dromons Lateen-Rigged Ships Junks Viking Ships Cog Carrack Caravel Galleon East Indiamen Ships of the Line Frigates, Sloops, and Brigs Clippers Last Days of Sail Fuel powered ships Paddlewheel Steamships Innovative Ships of the Late 19th Century The Screw Propeller Iron and Steel Hulls Double and Triple Expansion Steam Engines Steam Turbines Diesel Engines The Great Ocean Liners Cruise Ships Cargo Ships Container Ships Roll-On-Roll-Off and LASH Vessels Tankers Crude Carriers Product Tankers Other Specialized Tankers Tanker Safety Fishing Vessels Trawlers Seiners Long Liners Research Vessels Hovercraft Nuclear-Powered Vessels Naval Vessels Aircraft Carriers Battleships Cruisers Destroyers Frigates Mine Craft ship design
Aircraft carrier Barge Bulk carrier Cable Layer Capital ship Cargo ship Catamaran Coaster Container ship Corvette Crane vessel Cruise ship Cruiser Cutter Destroyer Diving support vessel Drillship Dredger Ferry Frigate Floating Production Storage and Offloading Guided missile cruiser Hopper barge, Split hopper barge Hovercraft Hydrofoil Icebreaker Jetfoil Junk Landing craft Lake freighter Livestock carrier LNG carrier Lugger Minesweeper minehunter Ocean liner Packet ship Panamax Passenger ship Reefer (refrigerated ship) Research vessel RO-RO ship (roll on, roll off, Auto carrier) Sailing ship Selfdischargers Semi-submersible Sloop Steamboat supertanker Supply boat, Supply ship Survey Vessels Tanker Tender Train ferry Tugboat Ultra Large Crude Carrier Very Large Crude Carrier Yacht
SUBMARINES Submersible Craft Torpedo (weapon)
Boats and Boatbuilding INTRODUCTION BASICS OF BOAT DESIGN Buoyancy and Weight Trim and Stability Structure Watertightness
SKIN AND BARK BOATS WOODEN BOATS Lapstrake Construction Carvel Construction Plywood Construction CANVAS-COVERED BOATS ALUMINUM BOATS FERROCEMENT BOATS FIBERGLASS BOATS MEASURING AND MODELING The Half-Model Lift Models and Lofting BOAT PROPULSION Inboard Motors Outboard Motors Water-Jet Drive Surface-Piercing Propeller
Motor-Boat Racing Rowing Yachting

Underwater archaeology is a growing field. Underwater surveys and excavations of sunken ships and their cargo provide a wealth of information about ancient systems of trade. Sunken artifacts are often well preserved, protected by layers of silt in a stable environment of salt or fresh water.

Experience soon proved that longer ships posed a new set of problems: They were weaker structurally, more difficult to maneuver, and presented a larger target to any enemy ship with a ram. In the 8th century BC Mediterranean shipbuilders eliminated these problems with the bireme, a war galley built to accommodate two levels, or banks, of oarsmen. Oarsmen on the lower level rowed oars from ports cut into the side of the vessel, while those above rowed from the deck. This arrangement allowed more men to power the bireme without lengthening the ship (Biremes, Sunken ship, ship structurally 8th century, Naval Vessels, Fishing).


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