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RAILROADS:
INTRODUCTION
RAILS
Wrought-Iron and Steel Rails
Joints
GAUGES
TIES AND BALLAST
ROADBED AND ROUTE
ELECTRIFICATION
PASSENGER CARS AND SERVICE
Sleeping Cars
Amtrak
Passenger Service in Other Countries
FREIGHT CARS AND SERVICE
ADVANCES IN ROLLING-STOCK DESIGN
TERMINALS AND YARDS
LABOR
RAILROADS IN THE UNITED STATES
The Spread of Rail Networks
Mid-20th-Century Mergers
INTERNATIONAL RAILROADS
Canada
Latin America
Europe
United Kingdom
Russia
Asia
Japan
India
China
Southern Africa
North Africa
Western Africa
East Africa
Australia and New Zealand

LOCOMOTIVES:
INTRODUCTION
EARLY HISTORY
STEAM LOCOMOTIVES
DIESEL-ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
TURBINE-ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES

RAILROAD LABOR ORGANIZATIONS:
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
THE ORGANIZATIONS TODAY
Work Rules
Wage Disputes
Legislation
Labor Negotiations


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Asia



Railroads are the chief mode of transportation in Asia, although the level of development is mixed. Some countries, such as Russia and Japan, have vast, sophisticated networks. Other countries, such as Myanmar (formerly known as Burma) and Bangladesh, have only short, truncated lines. This photo shows a well-used train in India (Transportation in Asia, Train Japan, Railways Japan).

The major countries of Asia continue to rely heavily, and in some areas almost exclusively, on railroads for both freight and passenger transportation. Passenger traffic on most systems is particularly heavy because of rapidly increasing populations and the comparative absence of modern highways. Regardless of lack of competition, Asian railways still have the problem of finding funds for modernization and development. Some countries, such as Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and Malaysia, have done a spectacular job of keeping their railroads up to date since the heavy damage inflicted during World War II. Other railways in the region, such as those in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Vietnam, and Cambodia, have fallen into a state of serious neglect through inattention, war, or both (Transportation in Asia, Train Japan, Railways Japan).

Transportation in Asia | Train Japan | Railways Japan



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Transportation in Asia | Train Japan | Railways Japan


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GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF RAILROADS:
INTRODUCTION
STATE REGULATION
FEDERAL REGULATION
EARLY 20TH-CENTURY REGULATION
THE DEPRESSION YEARS
POSTWAR ENACTMENTS
DEREGULATION MOVEMENTS