www.auuuu.com Home AUTOMOBILE: • POWER SYSTEM • Engine • Engine Types • Fuel Supply • Exhaust System • Cooling and Heating System • DRIVETRAIN • Transmission • Front- and Rear-Wheel Drive • SUPPORT SYSTEMS • Suspension System • Wheels and Tires • CONTROL SYSTEMS • Steering • Brakes • ELECTRICAL SYSTEM • Ignition System • SAFETY FEATURES • HISTORY • Automobiles Through the Years • Internal-Combustion Engine • Early Electric Cars • AUTOMOBILES IN THE 20TH CENTURY • NEW TECHNOLOGIES AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY: • ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE • Domestic Impact • Foreign Trade • HOW CARS ARE BUILT • Research, Design, and Development • Manufacturing and Assembly • Sales and Service • Customer Feedback • HISTORY OF THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY • Early Automobile Concepts • Henry Ford and Mass Production • Other Automakers • The Great Depression of the 1930s • Labor Unions and Strikes • Wartime Production • Postwar Production • Automobile Safety • Foreign Imports and the Energy Crisis • The 1980s and 1990s • FUTURE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY TRENDS • Computerization • Alternative Fuel Research • Materials and Safety ROAD: • TYPES OF ROADS • Highways • Urban Streets • Rural Roads • ROADWAY ENGINEERING • Roadbed • Base Course • Wearing Course • Bituminous Pavement • Concrete Pavement • ROAD PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION • HISTORY OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION www.auuuu.com Home

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The automobile depends on electricity for fuel ignition, headlights, turn signals, horn, radio, windshield wipers, and other accessories. A battery and an alternator supply electricity. The battery stores electricity for starting the car. The alternator generates electric current while the engine is running, recharging the battery and powering the rest of the car’s electrical needs. Early automotive electrical systems ran on 6 volts, but 12 volts became standard after World War II (1939-1945) to operate the growing number of electrical accessories. Eventually, 24- or 48-volt systems may become the standard as more computers and electronics are built into automobiles. Next auuuu.com©2006.

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