Update: 16.07.2008.
Mazda Kazamai concept to premiere at Moscow
The first official look at Mazda's forthcoming concept.
These are the first official pictures from Mazda of its all-new concept. The car will be a sporty, 4x4 crossover, and the Japanese firm have confirmed it will take its first bow at the Moscow Motor Show in late August.
As you can see in these first-glimpse images, the new concept, named Kazamai (Japanese for “swirling crosswinds’), will be styled in line with its name, with flowing panel lines down its sides, a boldly styled five-point grille, accentuated front wheel-arches and impressive 22-inch diameter wheels.
The 4x4 will be based on Mazda’s long-term vision for technology development, which aims to provide a balance between an enjoyable driving experience and environmentally friendly performance.
The Mazda power-train will be made up of a next-generation, direct-injection engine and a newly-developed transmission. It will also be aerodynamically efficient, with a lightweight and robust chassis - improving the vehicle’s dynamics and safety. It also plans to deliver efficient fuel consumption and greatly reduced CO2 emissions.
The concept has been designed specifically for the Moscow International Show, and gives a good indication of where Mazda is going with a possible future compact crossover.
Mazda have also announced plans to debut its CX-9 SUV at the Moscow Motor Show a result of the growing sales in the compact SUV sector.
Keep checking back for all the latest details on this exciting concept.
Update: 06.07.2008.
Storming Jaguar XFR blasts off
Fastest XF bares its claws as it gets ready to take on BMW M5.
Our spy photographers snapped the hot XF as it underwent final high-speed testing in Germany, and they follow on from the images we published in Issue 990.
When it reaches showrooms here early next year, the newcomer will be equipped with a supercharged 5.0-litre V8 engine – delivering 500bhp – as well as uprated suspension and bigger brakes. It’s set to cost around L60,000, and will target formidable rivals in the shape of Audi’s S6, the BMW M5 and Mercedes E63 AMG.
At first glance, this prototype does not look much like a machine with performance to match a supercar. But study these images more closely, and you’ll spot all the tell-tale signs that this is one of the fastest Jaguars ever.
At the rear, the XFR features quad exhausts instead of the twin set-up seen on the existing flagship SV8 variant. In addition, Jaguar engineers have also added a neat boot spoiler to enhance stability at high speeds, while there are larger openings in the deep front bumper for improved cooling of the brakes and powerplant.
Further clues to the XFR’s performance potential are provided by the lowered ride height, flared wheel-arches and massive alloys, which are mis-matched on this pre-production prototype. The XFR will run on huge 20-inch rubber at the rear, with super- wide tyres and an increased track too.
It gets retuned adaptive dampers and suspension components from the SV8 – themselves derived from those on the XK coupé. And as test drivers have racked up thousands of miles honing the chassis at the Nürburgring circuit in Germany – as well as at this secret track – the XFR will be among the best-handling cars in its class.
Engineers will ensure it delivers lots of steering feel and driver involvement. Yet even though it will be the sportiest model in the XF line-up, the car will still provide a comfortable ride in keep-ing with Jaguar’s reputation.
As with the SV8, the XFR will have a wide range of settings for the transmission, including a Dynamic Mode that allows more slippage from the rear wheels under acceleration and snappier changes from the six-speed auto. It also improves throttle response.
Huge ventilated disc brakes ensure supreme stopping power. That’s just as well because of the power output delivered by the blown V8 engine. It promises to propel the car from 0-60mph in well under five seconds. The XFR’s maximum speed will be electronic-ally limited to 155mph, but it will eclipse its sister model by some margin in terms of in-gear performance and overtaking response. Sour-ces within Jaguar have even suggested that the model is being developed to run on green E85 bioethanol as well – although whatever the fuel source, the XFR is sure to offer a soundtrack as spectacular as its pace.
Thanks to an acoustic exhaust sys-tem, which opens up special baffles when the revs rise beyond 3,500rpm, owners will benefit from a wonderful offbeat V8 rumble under acceleration. Yet when the throttle is treated more gently, the big engine will be whisper quiet, allowing refined cruising.
Expect a whole host of equipment to be fitted as standard, ranging from sat-nav and Bluetooth mobile phone connectivity to figure-hugging sports seats with electric adjustment. Deliveries of the first standard XFs will be made next month, but the R isn’t due on sale until spring next year.
Update: 03.07.2008.
Peugeot 504
Beautiful coupé marks bold return to Lion’s styling heritage.
The renaissance starts here! That’s the dramatic promise from Peugeot’s new design boss, Jerome Gallix.
In an interview with Auto Express’s German sister title, Auto Bild, Gallix said he’d use the firm’s heritage to create a fresh family of cars. And he’s starting with the luxurious 504 coupé.
This exclusive Gallix sketch shows exactly how such a model could look. Although technical details are scarce at the moment, it’s thought the newcomer is similar in size to the current 407, and has a bold nose and curving waistline inspired by its predecessor.
Mechanicals are likely to be shared with Citroen’s C5, so the car could get a powerful 2.7-litre V6 diesel and air-suspension.
But Gallix’s plans for making the most of Peugeot’s past won’t stop there. He also admitted he is a fan of the original 204 and the 205. Successors to both these models could be essential to Peugeot’s future as it strives to become one of the leading manufacturers of low-CO2 cars.
The first Peugeot designed under the influence of Gallix was the sleek 308 RC Z concept, which was widely acclaimed on its debut at 2006’s Paris Motor Show. The two-seater will be seen in production form at the Frankfurt exhibition in 2009, and will arrive in showrooms here the following year.
Update: 02.07.2008.
Volkswagen Polo
VW supermini set to get a lot more stylish thanks to Scirocco inspired design.
The Polo is getting a ‘fresher’ flavour! VW’s fifth-generation supermini will go on sale next year with a more upmarket look – and a front end which has been given ‘the Scirocco treatment’.
The car’s nose reflects the styling of VW’s sleek coupé – and inside, there is a classier cabin. A range of new engines includes hi-tech, low-emission diesels and super-turbo petrol powerplants.
As you can see from our pictures, produced using insider information, the Polo draws on the next Golf and Scirocco, dropping the large chrome grille seen on recent VWs for a simpler design with twin horizontal air intakes and angled headlights. It’s a cleaner look all-round, with uncluttered flanks, neat tail-lamps and a purposeful stance.
Under the skin, the Polo gets the new PQ25 small car platform – first used by the latest SEAT Ibiza. This means a bigger cabin, even though the dimensions are similar to the current model’s.
Quality will improve, as VW bids to address criticism over falling standards. It promises the Polo will be the best-built car in its class, with a Scirocco-style dash and soft-touch materials.
The generous kit tally will include an MP3 player input and Bluetooth connectivity on most models. Plus, the Polo could get the same sat-nav docking port as the Ibiza – this allows portable, hand-held units to be plugged into the dash.
While the car is unlikely to match the likes of Ford’s next Fiesta for driver fun, the steering will be improved and the ride made more compliant. Engine highlights will include 1.4 and 1.6-litre FSI direct-injection petrol units, plus new TDI turbodiesels.
The Polo will also make use of VW’s 1.4-litre supercharged and turbocharged TSI motor, available in a 138bhp ‘warm hatch’ and a 168bhp GTI variant. There will be a new Bluemotion model, too – this promises to emit less than 100g/km of CO2 and return 75mpg economy.
The firm’s seven-speed DSG twin-clutch box should appear as an option throughout the range. As well as three and five-doors, there will be a coupé-cabrio, inspired by the Karmann-built drop-top seen at 2007’s Frankfurt Motor Show.
In addition, buyers get the option of a four-wheel-drive SUV variant to replace the Dune – as we revealed in Issue 1,018 – and a compact MPV. These models won’t appear until at least 2010, while the hatch arrives next year, starting from around L9,000.
In a related story, VW has revealed more about its future by unveiling its first-ever plug-in hybrid. The Golf-based Twin Drive can run for up to 30 miles solely on battery power thanks to an 82bhp electric motor. When it runs out of energy, a 122bhp 2.0-litre turbodiesel takes over.
It gets stop-start technology, regenerative braking and hits a top speed of about 75mph. Energy comes from lithium-ion batteries that can be plugged into a household socket.
While there are currently no plans to put the Twin Drive into production, some of its features are set to debut on VW models within the next two years.
Update: 29.06.2008.
A1 Cabriolet is out in the open
Audi bosses ready a stunning new competitor to smash-hit MINI convertible.
It’s mid-summer, and Audi is celebrating in style with this: the new A1 Cabriolet.
The German supermini first broke cover last October as the Metroproject Quattro – a concept designed to showcase both the A1 and Audi’s clever electric-hybrid powertrain.
Auto Express revealed sketches of the model in Issue 981, and ever since then, the baby Audi has been casting a shadow over the car that’s set to be its main rival: the MINI.
Audi has never been one to hold back its engineers when it comes to new challenges, and it sees the premium supermini class dominated by the baby BMW as a lucrative market.
So, with an eye on the biggest possible slice of the cake, the A1 will aim to steal sales from the popular Mini Convertible. Our exclusive pictures reveal exactly how the drop-top will look when it debuts at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2009, before hitting dealers the following year.
The roof mechanism is more sophisticated than that of the MINI. It’s a powered hood which folds down electrically and is swallowed into the boot, rather than sitting on top of the car behind the rear bulkhead.
Audi bosses have put form over function with the two-seater, although as there is no rear bench the car should offer enough load space to take the weekly shopping.
This approach means it’s vital that the drop-top looks the part – and as you can see, it doesn’t disappoint. It gets a strong family shape, throwing in few surprises but oozing class thanks to clean lines and the trademark Audi grille. A sharp crease which runs from the shoulder line and around the rim of the bonnet emphasises the shape of the nose, while the flared wheelarches are reminiscent of the firm’s TT Cabriolet.
At the rear, twin integrated exhaust pipes straddle a trapezoidal bumper insert, and a strong line splits the tailgate above the lights.
Expect the cabin to be Audi’s usual array of well damped, orderly switchgear, although details such as unique interior colour and trim combinations will distinguish the A1 from the brand’s other small models. The latest Multi Media Interface (MMI) will appear, too.
A heavy quattro four-wheel-drive system was deemed unnecessary, particularly as the cabrio has extra torsional rigidity to make up for losing the roof. Under the bonnet, the cabrio will more than match the Mini, as it will be able to take its pick from the VW Group’s engine line-up. Most intriguing is the inclusion of both 140bhp and 170bhp 1.4 TSI turbo and supercharged units currently found in the Golf GT Sport. These will use a six-speed double-clutch gearbox powering the front wheels.
TSI versions are set to be sales leaders, due to their appealing combination of refinement, performance and economy. A 150bhp 1.8 turbo engine will line up alongside the clever TSI unit, and the range will also include an entry-level 1.6 with 102bhp. Two 2.0-litre TDI oil-burners will feature, rated at 140bhp and 170bhp.
Even though some of these motors creep close to MINI Cooper S territory, Audi’s trump card will be a hot S1. This gets the same engine as the 261bhp S3 when it arrives in 2011.
Chassis
Borrowing heavily from construction techniques mastered on the A2 – the car the A1 hatch replaces – the Cabriolet will be produced using steel and aluminium. This method has already been used in the TT, and helps to keep weight down.
Engines
Much is being made of the new 1.4-litre TSI unit that debuted in the VW Golf. It’s fitted with a supercharger and turbo, and also features in the Scirocco. But the A1 could get a petrol-electric motor, too – making it the world’s first hybrid cabriolet.
Roof
the electrically operated fabric top will be cut from the same cloth as that which features on the A3 and A4 cabrios. There is no chance the car will be a metal-roofed coupé-cabriolet, because the mechanism would be too bulky and heavy to fit beneath the bodywork.
Update: 26.06.2008.
Honda’s next NSX
New V10 sports car spied undergoing development.
Shrouded in a zebra-like camouflage, Honda’s new V10 supercar finally broke cover this week. And it’s the latest step in a project to replace the NSX.
Our spies caught the model lapping the Nürburgring in Germany. Development has only just started, and engineers have two targets.
Firstly, they have been challenged to get the two-door’s suspension set-up just right. But more than that, Honda wants to build the fastest production model around the circuit. And while the mechanical tweaks will be familiar territory for the firm’s technicians, breaking the lap record will be no mean feat – as the newcomer’s rivals, the Nissan GT-R and Lexus LF-A, are both capable of sub-seven minute 30 second laps of the legendary 13-mile race track.
The as-yet-unnamed coupé will get a 550bhp 5.5-litre V10 with cylinder deactivation technology. That means it will shut down five cylinders when engine load is light, thus reducing fuel consumption and emissions. Torque is set to top 570Nm, too. One source told us the 2+2 will wear a ‘hybrid’ aluminium and steel body to reduce weight, and sit on a modified version of the US Acura RL saloon platform.
An eight-speed auto gearbox with paddleshifters is on the cards, while hi-tech four-wheel drive will provide the best possible traction.
Expect the newcomer to debut in late 2010 or early 2011, when it’s likely to cost upwards of L90,000.
Update: 23.06.2008.
Nissan GT-R
The wait is finally over as we bring you Nissan's all-new 911 slayer.
Is the UK ready for Nissan’s new GT-R? It had better be, as the eagerly awaited coupé is here – and we’ve driven it to see if it lives up to the pre-launch hype.
The car can be ordered now for delivery next year, and promises impressive performance, as the firm used Porsche’s 911 Turbo as a benchmark in development.
Under the bonnet is a 473bhp 3.8-litre twin-turbo V6, while the six-speed dual-clutch gearbox is located at the rear to ensure perfect weight distribution. And the four-wheel-drive system promises handling to match the scorching 193mph top speed.
Your first impression is just how large the GT-R looks on UK roads. Factor in the car’s portly 1,740kg kerbweight, and it’s difficult to see how the engine’s potential could ever be exploited.
As soon as you climb aboard, though, it’s clear that Nissan’s engineers worked wonders to make the newcomer feel light and lithe, using power and technology to overcome any weight or size disadvantage.
At idle, the engine has a menacing note, but it isn’t loud or unpleasant around town. In auto mode, the gearbox shuffles between ratios with little fuss; our only criticism is the ride quality, which is very firm
even in Comfort mode.
Increase the speed, and the GT-R proves easy to drive. With dampers, stability control and transmission all set to their most hardcore ‘R’ mode, the car’s dynamic limits are so high they can only fully be exploited on a track.
Instead, road drivers will revel in the precision of the steering and powerful brakes. And the V6 makes overtaking easy – inspiring more confidence in a car which sets new standards for high-performance motoring.
Update: 21.06.2008.
Audi guns for CLS with new A7
Four-door ‘coupé’ based on A5 with hot RS7 offering more than 600bhp.
Bosses at Audi won’t rest until every possible niche has been filled – and now, the four-door coupé market is in their sights.
These exclusive images provide the best look yet at the new A7. It’s Audi’s challenger to the Mercedes CLS, as well as the forthcoming BMW 8-Series, and promises a strong combination of luxury, style and performance.
The A7 will showcase a raft of technology, including the second-generation of Audi’s MMI cabin control system. And according to insiders at the Ingolstadt company, it will raise the bar even higher in terms of interior quality.
Under the skin is a stretched version of the platform which underpins the stylish A5 coupé, although the newcomer will ride on air-suspension to provide an impressive balance of sharp handling and a smooth ride.
Six engines will be available from launch: a trio of V6 diesels, including an all-new 3.0-litre twin-turbocharged unit, as well as V6 and V8 petrol powerplants.
Hot S7 and RS7 models are in the pipeline, too. The latter will use a revised version of the 5.2-litre V10 in the current RS6, albeit tuned to give more than 600bhp.
Update: 18.06.2008
New Peugeot 608 goes for bold!
Stylish large saloon promises to consign lacklustre 607 to history. Cabin to match quality of premium brands such as Audi and BMW
The Lion king is ready to return... meet the stunning replacement for the Peugeot 607.
The range-topping saloon promises to set new standards of style and sophistication for the French brand, and is tipped to be one of the stars of the Paris Motor Show in October.
Likely to be called the 608, it aims to establish Peugeot as a major player in the large family car market across Europe – a goal which the outgoing 607 failed to achieve.
Our exclusive image reveals some of the ideas the company is currently considering to help ensure the model’s chances of success.
And as you can see, the 608’s rakish profile is a huge improvement over that of its dreary predecessor. Peugeot’s recently appointed head of design, Jerome Gallix, can take much of the credit for this, as the newcomer is the first project to be masterminded by him.
The trademark Peugeot grille remains, but the lights will have a more aggressive look than those of the 308 or 207.
A distinctive rising crease runs along the flanks, from the front wing to the boot, while sculpted sills add further to the visual drama. An upswept C-pillar detail and stylish rear lights complete the look.
Gallix has vowed to come up with a unique, instantly identifiable shape for Peugeot cars. Yet this won’t conform with the conventional design seen on prestige models from the likes of Audi and BMW.
And it’s no secret Peugeot intends to match the interiors of its German rivals, so expect a feast of top-notch design and hi-tech kit in the cabin. The emphasis will be on providing occupants with a relaxing atmosphere, complemented by excellent build and materials.
Standard equipment is likely to be very generous, too, with refined sat-nav systems and intelligent controls.
These should give the car the kind of advanced feel to match the Ford Mondeo and forthcoming Vauxhall Insignia.
Under the skin, the saloon shares its platform with the latest-generation C5 from PSA sister brand Citroen. That car’s chassis is tuned as much for comfort as it is for handling performance. But the Peugeot promises to take refinement even further, thanks in part to dramatically improved sound insulation. Engines will be shared with the C5, too, and Peugeot is keen to make sure its latest model puts the emphasis on fuel efficiency.
The car will be launched with a choice of advanced 2.0 and 2.2-litre four-cylinder HDi diesels, while flagship variants will be available with a 2.7-litre V6 oil-burner.
It’s possible there will be no petrol options in the UK market, as the V6-engined version of the 607 proved such a slow seller here. But buyers will get the option of six-speed manual or automatic transmissions, both of which send power to the front wheels.
Adjustments will be made to all engines to improve their emissions figures, while fuel-saving stop-start technology is also in the pipeline for the newcomer. This will eventually filter through to the rest of the manufacturer’s model line-up.
The big Peugeot will arrive in British showrooms in 2009, with prices from L25,500.
Update: 18.06.2008
Honda NSX on the road
Honda's mean new NSX supercar breaks cover
Honda’s NSX has emerged from the shadows! Wearing a black disguise tattooed with white flames, the Japanese newcomer is preparing to go to war with the Nissan GT-R and the forthcoming Lexus LF-A
The car in these shots already looks very similar to the Acura Advanced Sports Car Concept unveiled in 2007, which featured the vertical rear light bar synonymous with the original NSX. The concept's quad stacked exhaust pipes remain too.
The mid-engined layout of the the previous NSX has gone though, replaced by a front-mid positioned unit for better weight distribution. This setup has also allowed Honda to squeeze two rear seats into the NSX, widening its appeal.
But there’s no suggestion that Honda’s flagship has gone soft, as insiders suggest an all-new, high-revving V10 engine will power the NSX, producing in excess of 450bhp.
That pits the Japanese fire breather firmly in Porsche 911, Ferrari F430 and Lamborghini Gallardo territory, though Honda hopes its 2+2 layout and a competitive pricing strategy will enable the NSX to lure drivers away from more established rivals. Sales of the previous NSX were disappointingly small, despite it’s cult status.
Prices for Honda’s new supercar are expected to start at around L50,000 when it hits showrooms in late 2009. In the meantime, Auto Express has an exclusive UK drive of the Nissan GT-R supercar coming very soon, so keep coming back see what the NSX will be up against.
Update: 16.06.2008
New Mondeo Coupé curves up a treat
Can’t afford a Mercedes CLS? Ford has the ideal solution as it takes its family favourite upmarket by offering more style and luxury
Ford is taking the Mondeo to the max, with an all-new coupé version offering Mercedes CLS looks for half the price.
The forthcoming Vauxhall Insignia is set to raise the style stakes in the class, while the Volkswagen Passat CC has proved there really is demand for four-door coupés. So the time is right for the ultimate evolution of Ford’s family car to take a bow.
But the Coupé’s arrival also coincides with the blue oval’s increased European profitability. The company’s formula of good looks and strong driver appeal has been so successful on cars such as the standard Mondeo and S-MAX people carrier that confidence among bosses is currently at an all-time high.
Upcoming products such as the new Fiesta and Ka – plus the Capri (Issue 1,010) – will continue this philosophy. The Mondeo Coupé’s role is to sit at the very top of the range, as a desirable flagship. And it has some talented machinery in its sights, including the likes of the BMW 3-Series and Mercedes C-Class. The foundations have already been laid down by the latest-generation Mondeo, so the Coupé can offer an even more desirable mix of looks, driving dynamics and luxury.
As you can see from these pictures, the newcomer is a leap forward in design terms over the current car. Inspired by the Iosis concept – which previewed the Mondeo back in 2005 – it features a rakish roofline that slopes sharply over the heads of the rear passengers, plus a host of dramatic lines.
Striking details include a larger lower grille with enormous, chrome-ringed triangular air intakes. Bold extended wheelarches and muscular shoulder lines give it an athletic stance.
A full hatchback tailgate ensures practicality is a strength, while inside, the cabin will feature a spacious and luxurious four-seater layout, with twin individual chairs for rear passengers.
Up front, an evolution of the standard Mondeo’s dashboard design is expected, with hi-tech equipment including the latest touchscreen sat-nav package. This comprises programmable driver settings, and will be offered alongside Bluetooth wireless phone technology, a docking station for MP3 players and a keyless go system. Under the skin will be a mildly updated version of the Mondeo’s suspension set-up, with electronically controlled dampers giving the driver the option of Sport and Comfort modes. This will allow the Coupé to combine agile, sporty handling with excellent refinement at cruising speeds.
Engines will be sourced from the top end of the Mondeo line-up, and will include the new 175bhp 2.2-litre diesel from the Titanium X Sport model and a turbocharged 217bhp 2.5-litre petrol five-cylinder.
There is the possibility that the car will get the option of Ford’s new Powershift double-clutch gearbox, in addition to the conventional six-speed manual transmission fitted as standard.
Also, there are rumours that, as with the Insignia, the Coupé will be available with a new four-wheel-drive system, as well as stop-start technology to cut CO2 emissions and boost economy. While Ford has yet to confirm the Mondeo Coupé officially, buyers can expect the car to appear in around 2011, with prices from L25,000.
New Cars Technologies:
Engines that run on hydrogen have been tested. Hydrogen combustion produces only a trace of harmful emissions, no carbon dioxide, and a water-vapor by-product. However, technical problems related to the gas’s density and flammability remain to be solved.
New Cars Technologies
Truck:
Truck, motor vehicle designed primarily for hauling cargo or for special work or service purposes. Trucks are usually larger and heavier than automobiles and differ in basic construction. Most modern automobiles have a unibody construction, in which the body itself provides structural support for the vehicle. Trucks, by comparison, are built around a strong metal frame, called a chassis, that supports the rest of the truck. Trucks usually have larger, more powerful engines and stronger suspensions than automobiles have. Large trucks have additional axles and wheels for carrying heavy loads.
Truck
Public Transportation:
Public Transportation, transportation service that is available to the general public and that carries passengers to destinations for a fee. Public transportation is also known as mass transportation or mass transit, since many people use it to travel to common destinations. Although many different types of public transportation systems exist, they can be classified into two main types: common carriers and contract carriers.
Public Transportation
Automobile Industry:
Automobile Industry, industry that produces automobiles and other gasoline-powered vehicles, such as buses, trucks, and motorcycles. The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only the economy but also the cultures of the world. It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues, and provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries. Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business.
Automobile Industry
Roads:
Road, path established over land for the passage of vehicles, people, and animals. Roads provide dependable pathways for moving people and goods from one place to another. They range in quality from dirt paths to concrete-paved multilane highways.
Roads
Automobile Information:
Automobile, self-propelled vehicle used primarily on public roads but adaptable to other surfaces. Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. From the growth of suburbs to the development of elaborate road and highway systems, the so-called horseless carriage has forever altered the modern landscape.
The manufacture, sale, and servicing of automobiles have become key elements of industrial economies. But along with greater mobility and job creation, the automobile has brought noise and air pollution, and automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. But for better or worse, the 1900s can be called the Age of the Automobile, and cars will no doubt continue to shape our culture and economy well into the 21st century.
Automobiles are powered and controlled by a complicated interrelationship between several systems. This diagram shows the parts of a car with a gas engine and manual transmission (the air filter and carburetor have been removed to show the parts beneath but usually appear in the space above the intake manifold). The major systems of the automobile are the power plant, the power train, the running gear, and the control system. Each of these major categories include a number of subsystems, as shown here. The power plant includes the engine, fuel, electrical, exhaust, lubrication, and coolant systems. The power train includes the transmission and drive systems, including the clutch, differential, and drive shaft. Suspension, stabilizers, wheels, and tires are all part of the running gear, or support system. Steering and brake systems are the major components of the control system, by which the driver directs the car.
Transportation technology:
Railroads
Air
Ships
Ballooning
Motorcycles
Bicycles
Submarines
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